Fractures in children and adolescents are very common and present in all ages. Many healthy and active children will have fractures in different locations during their childhood years. Broken bones in children differ significantly from adults. First, because of their immense growth potential, they have a wonderful ability to heal and remodel a broken bone. Second, children have growth centers that may be injured and may require more aggressive treatment. If a child complains of pain, there is obvious deformity or an unwillingness of a child to move an extremity or walk, this may indicate a fracture and the child should be evaluated by a medical professional.

There are many different types and locations of fractures. The most common being fractures of the collar bone, elbow, forearm, wrist, fingers, ankle and foot. The majority of fractures are related to falls, sports and minor trauma. Once a fracture occurs, it is important to monitor for swelling, skin condition, sensation and blood supply. A thorough physical examination is essential since there may be other associated injuries that may not be recognized.

X-rays are essential for evaluation and fracture management. They show the alignment, healing, growth plate and joint architecture. Serial x-rays may be necessary to document final healing.
Treatment options include observation, casting with immobilization, and surgery. Observation may be indicated in partially healed fractures, avulsion fractures and minor toe and finger fractures. Casting and splinting are frequently used to immobilize a fracture to allow healing and to mold a deformity. Molding is successful in children because of their immense growth and remodeling potential. Lastly, certain fractures require surgery to improve the fracture and may require metal instrumentation to stabilize the fracture during the healing period.